对于职业教育的公平性研究Norway vocational education thesis
-Although vocational education and traiing is theoretically unique and takes strategic advantages in economy and polity, in fact it faces many problems in actual development which drive policy-makers, researchers and operators to consider approaches. The fundamental aim of our country’s social development is to realize equity and harmony, whose precondition and foundation is equity in education, while vocational education and training is one of the cores. Vocational education and training is not only the means to realize educational equity and social equity, but its equity is also the composing parts of educational equity. To study newly vocational education and training from the equity is propitious to its scientific orientation and actual development.Vocational education and training comprises two connotations: one indicates the basic equity in right, opportunity and process for every social member; the other is that it should be equally treated compared with liberal education. The equity of vocational education and training, from static state, is the description to the developmental estate of vocational education and training, a kind of aim and value criterion to guide its development; from dynamic state, it is the demands to developmental course, referring to the "equity" modes and value choice to be necessary to be insisted in the course of development so as to balance its inner and outside relations. The viewpoint on equity in vocational education and training to be advanced firstly based on the impersonal analyses on the characters of vocational education and training, secondly founded on the consideration on its actual development. Vocational education and training is a special communal product, it focuses on the survival and development of disadvantage group. Vocational education and training, as a communal product, first pursues that this product represents justice to all social members, second incarnates that it can provide the chance for people to better themselves for realizing their life value and bucking for happy life. So the equity in vocational education and training is another kind of basic educational equity and social equity following to compulsory education; if there is no equity in vocational education and training, there is no equity in education, there is no equity and harmony in society. So the equity in vocational education and training is a practical problem, also a theoretical problem.The theory on social stratification provides analyzing dimensionality to study the problem about the equity in vocational education and training. Social stratification is a kind of partition in social structure that a person is compartmentalized into different social estates according to his social resource and competence possessed in his social life. Education is the main factor of reference to compartmentalize social stratification; what education a person accepts is the portra iture of his present social estate, also foreshows which estate he will belong to in future. In form, vocational education and training is the counterpart of social underlayer, but it is also the main approach to promote a person forward social superstratum. The function that vocational education and training takes on to promote a person forward social superstratum demands that vocational education and training must be equally treated to insure that every person obtain his own advantage.Vocational education and training exists many unfair phenomena in actual development, for example, having lower social authorization, falling short of country’s investment and lower-qualified teachers and students compared with common education; from itself development, taking importance to school vocational education and training but ignoring vocational training, and lacking substantial solicitude to the country vocational education and training, neglecting the guarantee to disadvantage group’s vocational training, and so on. There are many reasons causing these problems, e.g, the prejudice of our cultural tradition, the limit of productive and economic development and the faultiness of nation’s policy and system. These many problems not only impact the embodiment of equal developmental mode of vocational education and training and the realization of the aim pursuing equity, but also baffle the developmental process of our country’s social equity and harmony. Although the embarrassment befallen to equity in vocational education and training in practice has complex backgrounds, the key point is lack of power in policy and system caused by the absence of the thought about equity during the development of vocational education and training.To realize equity in vocational education and training is a practical question as well as a choice of value. The main duty to realize equity in vocational education and training lies on the government; to provide fair policies and laws for vocational education and training is the basic guarantee and the most available mode to realize it, is the main measure for the nation to manage vocational education and training, is also the demand and embodiment of the commonality of equity in vocational education and training. The policy on vocational education and training should not only incarnate equity, but also insist efficiency. How the policy balances equity and efficiency does not only affect the realization of efficiency, also affects the realization of equity finally.
To realize the dialectic unification between equity and efficiency is the only available developmental approach and value choice of pursing and realizing equity in vocational education and training.Tending towards equity in vocational education and training is the inevitable choice of today’s society. Series of schemes and measures on the "equity" aim established by the developed countries during t he development of vocational education and training have greatly promoted the realization of equity in vocational education and training. Nowadays, it is not only necessary to put forward the viewpoint on equity in vocational education and training, but it is also impossible to realize it. The popularization of modern science and technology and convenience of public media provide technological preparation for the final equity in vocational education and training; at the same time, the guarantee in policy and system and the greatest realization of benefit brought by vocational education and training in reality cannot but change people’s ideas. In the new age, equity in vocational education and training is the aim pursued in life as well as the content of equity in daily life and the free expression mode taken by every member. The social equity and harmony is the condition of equity in vocational education and training as well as the portraiture of its result.
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