基于文本阅读的职校英语写作教学探究
摘要:本文重在探求促进中职学生写作能力提高的阅读活动的教学策略,结合江苏省职业学校文化课教材中的具体课文,分析语篇,拓展学生写作话题、构建学生写作结构并且积累学生语言表达的多样性,以读促写,读写结合,相得益彰。
关键词:中职生 英语写作 阅读活动
英语中的阅读和写作都属于书面交际的范畴,H.G..Widdiwson 在《Teaching language as communication》中指出:阅读和写作可以贯通在一起进行教学。阅读是输入过程,语言习得者获取语言信息,是一种解码过程;写作却是输出过程,语言习得者再现信息,是一种编码过程。一方面,阅读是写作的前提和基础,同时阅读过程中积累的材料也是写作知识和技巧的源泉;另一方面,写作对阅读也有促进作用,它能可效地促进阅读者对所输入语言的内化,学生在一定写作任务的驱动下进行的阅读活动,也一定是高效的。读和写的关系是密不可分的,以读为本,读是根本,写是核心,读写结合。
《江苏省普通高校对口单独招生英语考试大纲》中明确规定了单招考试书面表达的要求:根据所给提示与要求完成一篇80—100词的作文,尤其注重应用文书写能力的考查,如申请、通知、活动安排、简介等。考生应能做到(1)准确使用英语语法,选用恰当的词汇、句型;(2)清楚、连贯、完整地表达自己的意思;(3)格式、行文正确,书写规范。《大纲》是以江苏省职业教育教学改革创新指导委员会审定的省职业学校文化课教材《英语》(1-5册)为主要范围,着重考查考生在日常生活和职业场景中的英语应用能力。“教科书是写作素材的聚集地,是语言现象的展示厅,是语言规则的剖析室,是文章题材的示范本。”对于教师而言,利用好教材中的阅读材料,拓展学生写作话题、构建学生写作结构并且积累学生语言表达的多样性,以读促写,相得益彰。
一、依托文本话题,拓展学生的写作话题
苏教版职业教育英语教材从阅读材料的主题方面来看,内容生动有趣、与学生的日常生活和职业场景息息相关,丰富多彩的内容包括有:文明礼仪、校园生活、课外活动、健康饮食、环境保护、网络世界、智慧理财、塑造形象、人际交往、团队精神、策划未来、毕业求职、工作职责、职场文化……给英语写作提供了大量的蓝本。教材每个单元都围绕一个话题展开,为学生的写作提供了丰富的话题内容。作为教师要善于发现写作话题、敏锐地捕捉话题的内涵并且拓展话题,活跃学生的写作思维并开拓写作思路。从阅读文本生成写作话题,既拉近了学生阅读文本的距离,也点燃了学生的写作热情。以中职英语教材为例,根据文本材料生成的写作话题如下表如示:
Reading materials Possible writing topics
Could I change my life? How to change yourself?
A homeless girl and a successful girl
Write a speech based on Liz’s story
Learn to be friendly and charming How to improve friendships
Myths about friendships
Workplace clothing and hygiene How to give a good impression at your internship?
Give some advice on clothing and hygiene on the first day of work
Give your friend some suggestions on having a good beginning
Excerpt from a waiter training manual How to give a speech to the newly-employed waiters and waitresses.
Write an e-mail to tell your friend how to serve the customers properly
Draw up an induction training program for a restaurant
Teamwork How can the team work the most effectively?
How to be a perfect team player?
Talk about your understanding of teamwork
Safety at work What measures to adopt to avoid hazards?
How to train the new employers on workplace safety
Write a notice. Inform the staff what hazards may occur in an office.
Living in the countryside Give a description of the real countryside life.
What are the advantages of living in the countryside?
What would you prefer, the countryside or the city?
The world is thirsty Write a short passage on environmental protection.
Make a speech and present your findings on current situation of water
How to save water?
二、借鉴篇章结构,搭建写作框架
在文本阅读教学过程中,教师应从整体上分析篇章结构,引导学生对阅读材料进行归纳总结,培养学生对文本类型认知水平,以达到使学生从宏观上把握文本材料的结构框架,帮助他们在理解文本的基础上搭建写作框架。
1. 阅读过程中关注文本结构的分析,通过key words建构文本结构,以《The world is thirsty》为例,关注文本材料的结构的建构。
The world is thirsty
Causes: ①97% of this huge amount is sea water.
②Man can not directly drink and use the other 3%.
Results: ①Man may suffer a severe worldwide water shortage.
②It may also have a bad effect on agriculture and industry.
Solutions:The first step is to develop ways of reusing it.
仿写实例:
请以《workplace conflict》为题写一篇,结合你对职场文化的理解,写一篇80词左右的短文。
Workplace conflict
Causes: As long as we are in a relationship, you are bound to face conflict.
Results: ① lead to win or lose situations
② achieve win-win situations
Solutions: ①State the problem
② understand all points of view
③brainstorm solutions
④ implement
2. 阅读过程中关注文本结构的分析,通过outline建构文本结构,以《Teamwork 》为例,关注文本材料的结构的建构。
Teamwork
1. What is teamwork? Together we can,together we win.
2. Why is teamwork so important? It is considered as a key soft skill.
3. How to be a good team player? Be happy, optimistic, helpful, generous and cooperative.
仿写实例:
请以职场文化为话题,结合你对职场文化的理解,写一篇80词左右的短文。
Workplace culture
1. What is workplace culture? Workplace culture characteristics a particular work group and shows relationship between the members of the group.
2. Why is workplace culture so important? Others may feel comfortable with you and won’t put you in a “ do not belong ” category at work.
3. How to care about workplace culture? Try to be aware of the culture and follow the office norms
三、分析语篇文字,积累语言表达的多样性
学生在写作过程中遭遇到的最大难题就是词汇的缺乏。表达的空泛。在阅读教学过程中要引导学生发现并模仿文本材料中有大量优美的词汇、句式和片断,最终内化为自己的语言积累,这对提高写作能力是大有裨益的。
1.通过文本阅读,积累大量词汇
2.通过文本阅读,积累优美句式
在《Teamwork》阅读教学过程中,可以帮助学生总结有关teamwork表达句式。
Being a good team player is considered as a key soft skill.
Being a good team player is a necessary part of life.
It goes without saying that teamwork plays an important role in our company’s development.
Team means together everyone achieves more.
Good team players prefer to cooperate rather than compete with their teammates.
As the saying goes, “No one is perfect, but a team can be.”
阅读是写作的基础,对文本材料的挖掘,能极大地提高学生的语言驾驭能力。阅读教学过程中,学生在老师的指引下断地积累语言知识、积极模仿,在较高层次上共享阅读和写作,并形成阅读能力和写作能力的正迁移,最终提高语言综合技能。
参考文献:
1. 郑超 《以写促学:英语“写长法”的理念与操作》 科学出版社,2004年
2. 韩立福 《新课程有效课堂教学行动策略》首都师范大学出版社,2006年
本文系第二期江苏省职业技术教育学会立项研究课题“现代学徒制的实践与研究——以宝应中专机电技术应用专业现代学徒制试点项目为例”登记号XHJX2015065);扬州市“十二五”规划课题“运用企业先进生产管理理念指导中职校教学质量管理工作的实践研究”(登记号G/13/P/016)的研究成果之一。