澳大利亚职业教育体系研究与借鉴Australian vocational education system research and using for reference
Australian vocational education system research and using for reference
Abstract: the Austraian vocational education and Training after nearly 20 years of development, and gradually form the relatively perfect vocational education and training system. Through the analysis of the vocational education and training system in Australia the basic guiding principle and key elements, think our vocational education can be reference for the development of the cause of the successful experience of Australia, and pointed out three Suggestions.
Keywords: Australia; Vocational education; Training; reference
Vigorously develop education is Australia realization of social, economic and environmental sustainable development is one of the important strategy. Vocational Education and Training (Vocational Education and Training, hereinafter referred to as the VET) is the Australian Education is an important part of the federal government and state governments, invested all together and huge Education system management. Over the past 20 years, the Australian VET system fast development, the world has become more perfect and mature professional education and training system, and make up the world's advanced vocational education, is representative of the model. The Australian VET to perfect the system of China's higher vocational education system to provide a good reference model.
A VET, Australia system of basic guiding principles
The Australian education system to VET the basic guiding principles "industry as the leadership, the customer as the center, the government management" to ensure that the country's vocational education and industrial synchronous development, have the service industry, and the important role of supporting industry, and for social and economic development to provide enough talent guarantee skills. [1]
(a) industry as a leading role
Industry association and professional association employers, vocational education and training of the provisions of the results. According to the characteristics of the industry in the industry and the market demand, through training needs to be defined what kind of training the results, in order to better serve the industry in place. Therefore, the industry's leading role mainly reflects in: industry to develop knowledge and skills standard, regulating the vocational school in managerial train of thought and quality, make sure the curriculum and teaching content, to participate in the teaching research and teaching quality evaluation, and carry out vocational education for employers of the satisfaction degree of the survey. So, vocational education is more close to the industry, pay more attention to skills training and job requirement, more in line with the actual needs of the members of the society and students' employment needs.
(2) the customer as the center
And the university education is different, the Australian vocational education system have a lot of flexibility. This flexibility reflected in the curriculum, teaching methods, and all the specific link. And this flexibility is the starting point of the customer as the center, meet the demand of customers. For example, curriculum setting, on learning time, learning objects have no any regulations; The teaching method, the face, online teaching, computer assisted learning, autonomous learning is the commonly used method; In the process of teaching, students' learning initiative function get to maximize, Training except in the classroom can also in work and simulation work environment. These reflect the Australian vocational education system and the characteristics of the flexible open.
(3) the government management
For the effective management of the vocational education, the government through the education employment and labor relations department (hereinafter referred to as DEEWR) national vocational education and training, and research center (hereinafter referred to as NVCER) and industry skills commission (hereinafter referred to as ISCs) to state/territory institutions such as the vocational education school management, coordination and guidance and supervision and professional education in the reform and development of vocational education not only pay attention to straighten out the management system, and pay attention to professional education management of construction operation mechanism, and gradually forming a of its own national characteristics of the vocational education, effective management network and mode.
Second, the Australian VET key elements of the system
The Australian VET system is the best feature of a perfect National Training frame system (National Training Framework, hereinafter referred to as NTF), this system including Australia Quality Training Framework (Australian Quality Training Framework, hereinafter referred to as AQTF), Australia degree Qualifications Framework (Australian Qualifications Framework, hereinafter referred to as AQF) and Training package (Training Packages, hereinafter referred to as the TPs) three key elements.
(a) Australia-AQTF quality training to the frame
AQTF is issued in June 2001, beginning in July 2002 a set of the overall implementation of the national standard. The framework unified Australia state/territory all kinds of registered training institutions (including all kinds of vocational education institutions) running standards and qualification certification system, to registered training institutions of school quality monitoring index of more quantitative, and form a unified national education quality assurance system to ensure that all kinds of registered training institutions and in the national certificate issued by each other. AQTF the latest revision version is in July 2010 at the national implementation, mainly consists of six parts: (1) education training institutions registered standards. Applied to be registered education training institutions must meet the criteria, so as to provide national recognized professional with education training and national approbatory qualification certificate of qualification. (2) registered training institutions registered subsequent standard. This standard has registered education mainly from training organization's student participation, employers satisfaction and the running power index finish, three aspects of their education quality evaluation, ensure the quality of continuous improvement. (3) excellent education training agency standard. Registered training institutions in running process in addition to abide by the above (1), (2) the standard to make sure that they are teaching quality continuous improvement outside, still can with excellent education training agency standard further measure the educational quality, and to encourage training institutions further advance the ability, improve their own domestic international reputation. (4) course the authentication standard. In the development of vocational education and design or training courses must conform to the standards when, design or development course only meet authentication standard can become a national curriculum approved of the course. (5) state/territory registration agency standard.
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