外文资料翻译译文
外文资料翻译译文
凿岩机以及鄂式破碎机的简介
作者：兰•胡考克斯
KG Mekaniska的CT系列凿岩机使用远程控制和复杂的CAN总线通信， 所以对于操作人员来说很容易去控制。
凿岩机要想正常工作，需要的是速度和力量。你需要用足够的力量去打击岩石并且需要高速的反复的打击同一个工作位置。因为安全和高生产力的需求，今天大部分的机器都装有遥控装置。因为遥控装置很容易操作，所以就有可能尽大的挑战机器的安全性能。
顶锤冲击钻进——对钻孔来说最常用方法是将孔钻成直径140毫米大小——对钻岩石所产生的影响力将会转移到底部钻头或者岩石洞上。所以液压机构产生所产生的力将是当释放的时候的压力所达到的一个最大的值。当活塞冲击卡盘，其动能通过钢钎传至钻头，它利用这种类似应力波的能量方式粉碎掉岩石。如果钻探获得最高的生产力和系统中所有部分的运作是高度同步的，这样才能达到最好的生产效率。
设计标准
当设计凿岩机的液压系统时，操作者必须得到完整的，独立的关键控制参数—— 敲击压力，敲击频率，需要力量，旋转速度——以达到最佳的钻进效率。当这些参数都进行了优化，以达到适应工作条件的要求，这时钻头就会用最大的动能以冲击波的方式去冲击打击岩石，以保证确定每个冲击都能够达到高生产力的标准。
虽然机器本身对机器的生产力有着制约，但是为了实现最大的生产率，以实现降低成本的目标，就需要有成熟设计的组案。即使环境相当的恶劣而且是经常性的恶劣，液压系统依然能够保证较高的可靠性。此外，精确的远程控制也是所需要的，这样才能在达到高同步的时候保证最高生产力。遥控器还提供了更高的可视性，可控性，安全性比高的控制。这亦反映出机器本身的数据采集，监测，对改善未来的机器操作和帮助的作用。
瑞典的Nimco Controls AB •马尔默开发了一个系统，用来满足由KG Mekaniska机械公司的瑞典的卡尔古斯塔夫制造这个凿岩机的这些标准。电液系统集成的Nimco具有简单的特点，远程控制的Prog CAN总线与2000型的具有负载敏感效应的阀门控制系统共同控制系统的补偿阀。因此，现在的凿岩机的生产效率，已是近两年研究来的最佳的效果了。
电液系统与遥感技术是用来提高能源系统效率的，其中包括着能满载排水量的泵，2000型的具有负载敏感效应的阀门，以及EasyProg CAN的总线系统。设计师也作出了更大更多的努力，以减少在机器的液压胶管方面上的金额。这些一点也不奇怪，那么，新的设计中将包含至少13跟管。
各个组件的详细资料
2000型的具有负载敏感效应的阀可容纳125行流向每个气缸的液体，相当于山泥倾泻的流量，其中包括着固定和可变排量的泵。工作端口流量控制，由12 V或24 V电磁铁控制着，有着杠杆的功能，可以重写。压力限制器可以安装在每个人工作的地点和震动/或anticavitation阀。
该EasyProg控制是一种基于PC的系统，可以进行模块的编程，在硬件的基础上也可以在模块中建造应用程序，这种要求也是可以被完成的。它的CAN总线结构可以允许数字化和模拟的输入和输出。它的所有设置都具有容易进入的性质并且它还具有着标准功能使用菜单。对于凿岩机的自动功能，例如，提高参数设置速度以及确保具体的安全参数都可以自动实现。
2000型的具有负载敏感效应的阀门控制的关键是凿岩机的操作系统，如敲击压力和频率，旋转扭矩功能，以及敲击的力量。另外，它还控制着跟踪驱动器，定位，以及液压风扇的驱动等。
凿岩机的运动
为了在提高生产力的同时还能降低经济成本这个最佳的结合，经营者设置了“锣鼓”压力和频率，以达到控制转速的设置和按设定的频率的要求。最后的设置是冲击打压力量是否是针对具有“锣鼓”压力的位置，即靠近的钻头岩石集。这些设置都保存在2000型的具有负载敏感效应的阀门中，它具有两个每轴节的补偿——即每轴节都有一个圆形盖。
电器遥控器通过EasyProg对液压系统进行设置。2000型的具有负载敏感效应的阀门通过对冲击和打压力量的远程控制对补偿器进行了试点运行，即称为电控比例溢流阀。通过不断的设置冲击和打压的力量，同时还要保持第二种的压力，这样截止阀可能会达到工作压限。该设计使得这种一个个圆形盖很容易被控制。这样通过两个压力限制器的控制，就能得到稳定的压力。
该阀的补偿显示出了单位流量/压力曲线，并提供了恒定流量，这种曲线和恒定的流量是和负载的压力无关的。钻头按相应协调好的频率的旋转和精确的冲击是因为设置了合理的压力。这种PL - 2000压力限制器独特的压力过载确保了整个压力范围内正确的流量，并且使这种流量稳定。
在EasyProg版本的钻机软件的设置功能中有“自动”这一项，它的功能是可以帮助运营商降低初始安装的时间。它还包含维修和服务的项目，也就是说你可以通过GSM远程访问原始设备制造商及其单位，也有可以连接到任何移动电话的选项。它还具有附加功能和便携式远程控制的部分，可以通过有线或蓝牙进行短程连接，其中，在新版本中，这种连接方式能够有100米的传输范围。
刚刚，我们谈了凿岩机，这一普通的矿山机械。当然，也仅仅是简单的谈谈。使我们都有所了解。下面，我将再介绍下，矿山机械中的另一种机械——鄂式破碎机。
BR550JG - 1颚式破碎机——来自小松美国际有限公司的机械——包括了全液压破碎行程和跟踪系统。动力系统是由小松生产的306马力SAA6DI25E - 2发动机。这种机型每小时的工作效率可以达到110至507吨，而可调的开放端执行机构的设置是
从2.2到8的。这些能力使这种机型的机器在公路建设，房屋的改建，隧道工程的建设，以及在采石场内，爆破方面，挖掘方面都具有相当广泛的应用。
据悉，52吨的自走式（即可以自行行走的机器，如军事方面的自走式火炮，翻者注）破碎机，具有高速的行驶速度（最高时速可以达到2英里每小时），同时其还具有25％的爬坡能力，以便高效高速的迁移。一旦迁移，可以独自迅速的机动到指定的位置并且立即开始运转和工作，即处理各种材料——包括混凝土碎片和坚硬的岩石。
小松公司设计和建造的30 × 44 英寸大小的单颚式破碎机，它是用可变排量的发动机驱动，并且可以通过专用的LSHT使液压驱动与V带驱动进行切换。它的速度范围是从210转每分钟至300转每分钟。这样也使下颚的材料都被破碎。闭环式破碎机控制系统采用的小松公司研制的具有专利的Hydraumind技术，这种技术可以达到优化效率的作用。通过负荷传感器和压力补偿阀的组合，HydrauMind技术可以在液压控制和监测系统中提供适当数据参数，以保证每个参数都能传回系统，形成相应的函数，以便下次需要时候直接调用。同时，它可以确定潜在的重载，并自动的减缓振动，使齿轮式电机在重载前调整好，即使重载成为现实也不会发生故障。在控制方面上，一个被设定好的压力能够让预期的坚硬岩石在Hydraumind 系统协力操作下完成破
碎。
液压的设计还允许破碎机从一个停止的位置，即使是在开始或是满载，都能具有反向旋转的功能，以弥补或消除下颚室物料的堵塞。一条42英寸宽的输送带——采用LSHT活塞式的马达驱动——将物料从下颚室中转移出去。
这种破碎机还有更多的特性，在工作的液压挖掘机上，在地面上，在装载机的驾驶室中，都可以通过一个具有多种选择按钮的无线遥控器去远程控制这种鄂式破碎机。这种遥控器几乎可以操作所有的部件，比如，支线上的开/关，下颚上的开/关，发动机的自动减速、紧急与停止，甚至是喇叭。
上面我们将凿岩机与鄂式破碎机的工作过程进行了简单的介绍。这些内容对于想要操作或者是重新设计的人员是远远不够的。这里所阐述的仅仅，仅仅是矿山机械的一小部分。如果读者们想要了解更多的，关于矿山机械方面的知识，还需要阅读更多的专业资料。
外文原文
Rock Drilling And Jaw Crusher Profile
Edited by Alan L. Hitchcox
KG Mekaniska’s CT series rock drill uses remote control and CANbus communication for sophisticated, yet easy-to-use control.
Rock drilling is all about power and speed. You need a lot of power to break into solid rock and high speed to repeatedly hammer away at a work site. For safety and high productivity, many of today’s machines feature remote control. This presents a challenge because the remote control must be easy to operate yet allow full functionality of the machine.
Top hammer percussive drilling — the most common method for drilling holes up to 140 mm diameter — hammers the rock with impacts transferred from the rock drill to a drill bit in the bottom or a hole. Hydraulic pressure generates the force required — pressure builds to a maximum and when released, drives an impact piston forward. When the piston strikes a chuck, it transfers its kinetic energy as a stress wave through a drill rod to the drill bit, which uses this impact energy to pulverize the rock. Obtaining the highest drilling productivity and economy requires operation of all components in the system to be highly synchronized.
Design criteria
When designing the hydraulic system for a rock drill rig, the operator must be given complete and independent control of the key parameters — percussion pressure, percussion frequency, feed force, and rotation — to achieve optimum drilling efficiency. When all of these parameters are optimized to suit working conditions, the drill bit has full contact with the rock and the shock wave captures maximum kinetic energy to ensure that each impact achieves high productivity.
Although the design of the machine itself accounts for much of the machine’s productivity, achieving maximum productivity to meet cost targets requires a well-engineered hydraulic system with components that can maintain high reliability even in the face of frequent heavy impacts. Furthermore, a precise remote control is needed to achieve the high synchronization necessary for maximum productivity. Remote control also provides higher visibility, controllability, and safety than machine-mounted controls. It also lends itself to data acquisition to monitor operation and aid in improving future design of machines.
Nimco Controls AB, Malmo, Sweden, developed a system to meet these criteria in drill rigs manufactured by KG Mekaniska AB, Karl Gustav, Sweden. The electrohydraulic system integrates the features of Nimco’s Easy- Prog CANbus-based remote-control system with its CV 2000 LS series pressure-compensated valve. As a result, drill rigs have produced optimal results over the last two years.
The electrohydraulic system consists of a variable-displacement pump with load sensing to improve energy efficiency of the system, the CV 2000 LS pressure-compensated valve, and the EasyProg CANbus system. Designers also made an effort to reduce the amount of hydraulic hose in the machine. Not surprisingly, then, the new design contains about 13 less hose.
Component details
The CV 2000 LS valve can accommodate a flow of 125 lpm to each cylinder port and is designed to work with both fixed- and
variable-displacement pumps. Work port flow is controlled by 12- or 24-V proportional solenoids, with manual hand lever override functions available. Pressure limiters can be fitted on each individual work port together with shock and/or anticavitation valves.
the CV 2000 LS pressure compensator
The EasyProg control is a PC-based system that can be programmed in modules; hardware can also be built in modules to suit requirements of the application. Its CANbus configuration allows for digital and analog inputs and outputs. It features an easy-to-use menu for entering all settings and standard functions. Automatic functions for drill rigs, for example, enhance the speed of parameter settings as well as ensure specific safety parameters.
The CV 2000 LS valve controls key rock drill operating functions, such as percussion pressure and frequency, rotation torque, and feed force. It also controls track drives, positioning, and a hydraulic fan drive.
The rock drill in action
To achieve the best combination of productivity and economy, the operator sets the percussion pressure and frequency, and the control sets rotational speed according to set frequency. The final setting is feed force which is set against the percussion pressure to position the drill bit close to the rock. These settings are all maintained by the CV 2000 LS valve, which has two compensators per spool section — one for each cylinder port.
Hydraulic settings are made via the EasyProg electrical remote control unit. Feed force is remotely controlled by the CV 2000 LS pressure compensator through a pilot-operated, electrically controlled proportional relief valve. This enables a continuous setting of the feed force while maintaining the possibility of a second pressure limiter working as an overpressure cutoff valve. The design enables two pressure limiters for one cylinder port and extremely fine, stable pressure control.
The valve’s compensators exhibit flat flow/pressure curves and provide a constant flow, regardless of load pressure. The frequency and rotation of the drill bit is
harmonized with the precise pressure setting for the feed force. The PL-2000 pressure limiter’s distinct pressure cut-off point ensures that the correct flow is maintained throughout the entire pressure range.
The EasyProg drill rig version software has automatic setting functions to help the operator reduce initial setup time. It also contains maintenance and service frequency options that can be accessed remotely by OEMs through a GSM unit that can be connected to any mobile phone. Additional functions and portable remote control units can be integrated either by wire or by Bluetooth, which, in the new version, has a range of 100 m.
Recently, we have talked about rock drilling , the general mining machinery. Of course, there is just a simple talk. So that we have to understand. Next, I introduce a further, the mining machinery in the other a mechanical - jaw crusher.
The BR550JG-1 jaw crusher — from Komatsu America International Co. — includes fully hydraulic tracked travel and crushing systems. Powered by Komatsu’s 306-hp SAA6DI25E-2 engine, this crusher has a material-output range from 110 to 507 tons per hour, with adjustable open-side discharge settings from 2.2- to 8-in. These capacities make the machine suitable for highway construction, housing development, and tunnel works, as well as quarry, demolition, and excavation applications.
The 52-ton self-propelled crusher’s high travel speeds (with a maximum of approximately 2 mph), along with its 25% gradeability, allow efficient relocation. And once relocated, it can maneuver itself into tight quarters and start to operate immediately, processing a variety of materials — including concrete debris and hard rock.
The Komatsu designed and built 30- x 44-in., single-toggle jaw is driven hydraulically with a PC800 LSHT variable-displacement motor via a V-belt. Its speed range — from 210 to 300 rpm — helps to adjust the jaw to the materials to be crushed. The closed-loop crusher control incorporates Komatsu’s patented Hydraumind technology to optimize efficiency. Through a combination of load-sensing and pressure-compensated valves, the HydrauMind hydraulic control and monitoring system supplies the appropriate flow of oil to each function. Simultaneously, it identifies potential overloads and automatically slows down the vibratory grizzly infeed’s gear-type motor before the overloads become a reality. A pressure dial on the control can be set for anticipated rock hardnesses to work hand in hand with the Hydraumind system. The hydraulic design also allows the crusher to start from a stopped position, even when fully loaded, and it has a reverse-rotation function to help remove bridged or plugged material from the jaw chamber. A 42-in. wide discharge conveyor — driven by another LSHT piston-type motor — carries material away from the jaw chamber.
For more versatility, the crusher can be operated from its on-board control station with hydraulic-excavator-type levers, or from ground level or the excavator or loader cab via an optional radio remote control. The remote control operates all travel functions, feeder on/off, jaw on/off, engine auto decelerate, emergency stop, and even the horn.
Above, we will rock drilling machine with jaw crusher work process a simple introduction. These elements operate, or who want to redesign the staff is not enough. Described here only, just a small part of the mining machinery. If the reader wanted to know more about mining machinery knowledge, but also need to read more specialized information.
