浅析网格计算在交通运输中的应用
信息化的浪潮下，人类的应用需求正朝着高性能，多样化，多功能方向发展，需要计算能力更强大的计算机。而超级计算机的价格阻止了它进入普通人的工作领域。于是，人们开始寻找一种造价低廉而数据处理能力超强的计算模式，最终科学家们经过努力找到了答案——网格计算。网格计算是伴随着互联网技术而迅速发展起来的，是将地理上分布的计算资源（包括数据库、贵重仪器等各种资源）充分利用起来，协同解决复杂的大规模问题,特别是解决靠本地资源无法解决的复杂问题，是专门针对复杂科学计算的新型计算模式。
这种计算模式是利用互联网把分散在不同地理位置的电脑组织成一个“虚拟的超级计算机”，其中每一台参与计算的计算机就是一个“节点”，而整个计算是由成千上万个“节点”组成的“一张网格”， 所以这种计算方式叫网格计算。
这样组织起来的“虚拟的超级计算机”有两个优势，一个是数据处理能力超强；另一个是能充分利用网上的闲置处理能力。简单地讲，网格是把整个网络整合成一台巨大的超级计算机，实现计算资源、存储资源、数据资源、信息资源、知识资源、专家资源的全面共享。从而建立一个能够实现区域或全球合作或协作的虚拟科研和实验环境，支持以大规模计算和数据处理为特征的科学活动。
作为一种新兴的造价低廉而数据处理能力超强的计算模型，网格计算必将对计算机的应用及各行各业的信息化产生重大影响。网格计算系统的建立，有利于各计算中心的资源共享，充分利用硬件和软件资源，在节约成本的同时，还将使其在基础研究，汽车，交通，大型水电工程，石油勘探，气象气候，航空，金融，医疗等领域发挥空前的作用。
下面我就自己的理解谈谈网格计算在交通运输中的应用。
交通运输作为基础产业，对经济社会发展至关重要。目前，交通运输仍然是制约我国经济发展的瓶颈之一。为了最大限度地发挥交通运输的功能，各种运输方式之间相互协调，提供优质，便捷，快速的综合交通服务是关键。这就需要对综合运输服务体系的网络进行整合。
网格计算系统能将地理位置不同的交通运输部门的异构计算机，异构数据库等用高速网络连接起来，并用网格中间件把它们整合成一个虚拟的系统。使大量闲置的计算机资源得到有效的组织，从而提高资源的利用效率，节省了大量的重复投资。
网格计算系统能实现各地交通运输信息资源的广泛分布与共享。不同区域的交通运输部门可以通过本地的计算机利用网格系统共享其他部门的相关信息，从而便捷地获得所需要的相关信息，有利于快速的做出决策。
对于某些复杂的大规模的交通运输问题，仅凭单一的部门往往很难解决，这就需要多部门的协同合作。网格的出现突破了人与人之间地理界线的限制，交通运输部门之间可以通过网格计算系统进行交流合作，协同解决复杂的大规模的问题，从而快速地对以后的工作做出部署。
网格计算是一个崭新而重要的研究领域，它已经逐渐成为超级计算发展的一个重要趋势。随着网格计算技术的日益发展，它将在交通运输部门中发挥更大的作用，从而促进中国交通运输业的发展。
Application of Grid Computing in
The Transportation
Human needs are moving in the application of high-performance, diversified and multi-functional direction, in the next wave of information technology, power of computing needs more powerful computers.But,the prices of super-computer to prevent its access to the work of ordinary people in the area. As a result, people began to look for a low-cost and powerful data-processing capacity of the model, scientists have finally been hard to find the answer - grid computing. Grid computing is accompanied by the rapid development of Internet technology and up, Is geographically distributed computing resources (including databases, expensive equipment and other resources) to make full use of, Coordination to solve complex large-scale problem, In particular, rely on local resources can not resolve the complex issues, Is specifically for scientific computing complex new computing model.
This model is the use of the Internet to spread in different geographical location of the computer organization into a "virtual supercomputer", Each of them involved in the calculation of a computer "nodes" and the whole is calculated by the tens of thousands of "nodes" comprised of "a grid", so this method of calculation is called grid computing.
The "virtual supercomputer" have two advantages, one is powerful data-processing capability; and the other is to make full use of idle processing power of the Internet. Simply put, the entire grid is a network into a huge supercomputers, the realization of computing resources, storage resources, data resources, information resources, knowledge resources, the overall share of resources expert. In order to achieve the establishment of a regional or global cooperation or collaboration of scientific research and experimental virtual environment, in order to support large-scale computing and data-processing features for scientific activities.
As an emerging low-cost and powerful data-processing capacity of the model grid is bound to the application of computer and information technology industries have a significant impact. Grid computing system will help the Center to share resources, make full use of the hardware and software resources in a cost-effective at the same time, it will be in basic research, automotive, transportation, large-scale hydroelectric projects, oil exploration, Weather climate, aviation, financial, medical and other fields to play an unprecedented role.
I would like to talk about my own understanding of the transport grid computing application.
Transportation industry as a basis for economic and social development. Currently, transportation is still restricting China’s economic development one of the bottlenecks. In order to maximize the transportation function, a variety of modes of transport co-ordination between the delivery of high quality, convenient, fast integrated transport services is the key. This requires an integrated transport network service system integration.
Grid system to a different location and transportation departments of computer heterogeneous, heterogeneous databases, such as using high-speed networks, and grid middleware to integrate them into a virtual system. A large number of idle computer resources to be effective, improved resource utilization efficiency, saving a great deal of duplication of investment.
Grid computing system to achieve all over the transportation of a wide range of information resources sharing and distribution. Different regions of the transport sector through the use of the local computer grid system to share other information in order to easily access the relevant information needed to help make a quick decision-making.
For some of the complex large-scale transport problems, only a single sector is often difficult to solve, which requires multi-sectoral collaboration. The grid has been a breakthrough in the geographical boundaries between people of the restrictions, transportation departments can carry out exchanges and cooperation system, grid computing, collaborative solutions to complex problems of large-scale, so quickly after work on the deployment.
Grid computing is a new and important field of research, it has gradually become a super-computing development is an important trend. With the increasing development of grid computing technology, it will transport sector to play a greater role in China so as to promote the development of the transport industry.
