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Manahan, Stanley E. "FRONTMATTER" Environmental Chemistry Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000电子书，共193页
CONTENTS ____________________________________________________
CHAPTER 1: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND
CHEMISTRY
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
1.2 Environmental Chemistry and Environmental Biochemistry
1.3 Water, Air, Earth, Life, and Technology
1.4 Ecology and the Biosphere
1.5 Energy and Cycles of Energy
1.6 Matter and Cycles of Matter
1.7 Human Impact and Pollution
1.8 Technology: The Problems It Poses and the Solutions It Offers
CHAPTER 2: THE ANTHROSPHERE, INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
2.1 The Anthrosphere
2.2 Technology and the Anthrosphere
2.3 Infrastructure
2.4 Dwellings
2.5 Transportation
2.6 Communications
2.7 Food and Agriculture
2.8 Manufacturing
2.9 Effects of the Anthrosphere on Earth
2.10 Integration of the Anthrosphere into the Total Environment
2.11 The Anthrosphere and Industrial Ecology
2.12 Environmental Chemistry
CHAPTER 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF AQUATIC CHEMISTRY
3.1 Water Quality and Quantity
3.2 The Properties of Water, a Unique Substance
3.3 The Characteristics of Bodies of Water
3.4 Aquatic Life
3.5 Introduction to Aquatic Chemistry
3.6 Gases in Water
© 2001 CRC Press LLC
3.7 Water Acidity and Carbon Dioxide in Water
3.8 Alkalinity
3.9 Calcium and Other Metals in Water
3.10 Complexation and Chelation
3.11 Bonding and Structure of Metal Complexes
3.12 Calculations of Species Concentrations
3.13 Complexation by Deprotonated Ligands
3.14 Complexation by Protonated Ligands
3.15 Solubilization of Lead Ion from Solids by NTA
3.16 Polyphosphates in Water
3.17 Complexation by Humic Substances
3.18 Complexation and Redox Processes
CHAPTER 4: OXIDATION-REDUCTION
4.1 The Significance of Oxidation-Reduction Phenomena
4.2 The Electron and Redox Reactions
4.3 Electron Activity and pE
4.4 The Nernst Equation
4 5 Reaction Tendency: Whole Reaction from Half-Reactions
4.6 The Nernst Equation and Chemical Equilibrium
4.8 Reactions in Terms of One Electron-Mole
4.9 The Limits of pE in Water
4.10 pE Values in Natural Water Systems
4.11 pE-pH Diagrams
4.12 Corrosion
CHAPTER 5: PHASE INTERACTIONS
5.1 Chemical Interactions Involving Solids, Gases, and Water
5.2 Importance and Formation of Sediments
5.3 Solubilities
5.4 Colloidal Particles in Water
5.5 The Colloidal Properties of Clays
5.6 Aggregation of Particles
5.7 Surface Sorption by Solids
5.8 Ion Exchange with Bottom Sediments
5.9 Sorption of Gases—Gases in Interstitial Water
CHAPTER 6: AQUATIC MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY
6.1 Aquatic Biochemical Processes
6.2 Algae
6.3 Fungi
6.4 Protozoa
6.5 Bacteria
6.6 The Prokaryotic Bacterial Cell
6.7 Kinetics of Bacterial Growth
6.8 Bacterial Metabolism
6.9 Microbial Transformations of Carbon
6.10 Biodegradation of Organic Matter
6.11 Microbial Transformations of Nitrogen
6.12 Microbial Transformations of Phosphorus and Sulfur
6.13 Microbial Transformations of Halogens and Organohalides
© 2001 CRC Press LLC
6.14 Microbial Transformations of Metals and Metalloids
6.15 Microbial Corrosion
CHAPTER 7: WATER POLLUTION
7.1 Nature and Types of Water Pollutants
7.2 Elemental Pollutants
7.3 Heavy Metals
7.4 Metalloids
7.5 Organically Bound Metals and Metalloids
7.6 Inorganic Species
7.7 Algal Nutrients and Eutrophication
7.8 Acidity, Alkalinity, and Salinity
7.9 Oxygen, Oxidants, and Reductants
7.10 Organic Pollutants
7.11 Pesticides in Water
7.12 Polychlorinated Biphenyls
7.13 Radionuclides in the Aquatic Environment
CHAPTER 8: WATER TREATMENT
8.1 Water Treatment and Water Use
8.2 Municipal Water Treatment
8.3 Treatment of Water for Industrial Use
8.4 Sewage Treatment
8.5 Industrial Wastewater Treatment
8.6 Removal of Solids
8.7 Removal of Calcium and Other Metals
8.8 Removal of Dissolved Organics
8.9 Removal of Dissolved Inorganics
8.10 Sludge
8.11 Water Disinfection
8.12 Natural Water Purification Processes
8.13 Water Reuse and Recycling
CHAPTER 9: THE ATMOSPHERE AND ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
9.1 The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry
9.2 Importance of the Atmosphere
9.3 Physical Characteristics of the Atmosphere
9.4 Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
9.5 Atmospheric Mass Transfer, Meteorology, and Weather
9.6 Inversions and Air Pollution
9.7 Global Climate and Microclimate
9.9 Acid-Base Reactions in the Atmosphere
9.10 Reactions of Atmospheric Oxygen
9.11 Reactions of Atmospheric Nitrogen
9.12 Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
9.13 Atmospheric Water
CHAPTER 10: PARTICLES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
10.1 Particles in the Atmosphere
10.2 Physical Behavior of Particles in the Atmosphere
10.3 Physical Processes for Particle Formation
© 2001 CRC Press LLC
10.4 Chemical Processes for Particle Formation
10.5 The Composition of Inorganic Particles
10.6 Toxic Metals
10.7 Radioactive Particles
10.8 The Composition of Organic Particles
10.9 Effects of Particles
10.10 Water as Particulate Matter
10.11 Control of Particulate Emissions
CHAPTER 11: GASEOUS INORGANIC AIR POLLUTANTS
11.1 Inorganic Pollutant Gases
11.2 Production and Control of Carbon Monoxide
11.3 Fate of Atmospheric CO
11.4 Sulfur Dioxide Sources and the Sulfur Cycle
11.5 Sulfur Dioxide Reactions in the Atmosphere
11.6 Nitrogen Oxides in the Atmosphere
11.7 Acid Rain
11.8 Ammonia in the Atmosphere
11.9 Fluorine, Chlorine, and Their Gaseous Compounds
11.10 Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbonyl Sulfide, and Carbon Disulfide
CHAPTER 12: ORGANIC AIR POLLUTANTS
12.1 Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere
12.2 Organic Compounds from Natural Sources
12.3 Pollutant Hydrocarbons
12.4 Aryl Hydrocarbons
12.5 Aldehydes and Ketones
12.6 Miscellaneous Oxygen-Containing Compounds
12.7 Organohalide Compounds
12.8 Organosulfur Compounds
12.9 Organonitrogen Compounds
CHAPTER 13: PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Smog-Forming Automotive Emissions
13.3 Smog-Forming Reactions of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere
13.4 Overview of Smog Formation
13.5 Mechanisms of Smog Formation
13.6 Reactivity of Hydrocarbons
13.7 Inorganic Products from Smog
13.8 Effects of Smog
CHAPTER 14: THE ENDANGERED GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE
14.1 Anthropogenic Change in the Atmosphere
14.2 Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
14.3 Acid Rain
14.4 Ozone Layer Destruction
14.5 Photochemical Smog
14.6 Nuclear Winter
14.7 What Is to Be Done?
© 2001 CRC Press LLC
CHAPTER 15: THE GEOSPHERE AND GEOCHEMISTRY
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The Nature of Solids in the Geosphere
15.3 Physical Form of the Geosphere
15.4 Internal Processes
15.5 Surface Processes
15.6 Sediments
15.7C