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毕业论文-儿童习得汉语普通话句末助词“吧”的个案研究，共38页，
中文摘要
本文是一篇关于儿童习得汉语普通话句末助词“吧”的个案研究。基于对一
名母语为汉语的儿童 CY 的跟踪研究，本文主要分析了该儿童在 10 个月到 24 个
月之间关于“吧”的习得情况。研究发现，在此期间，儿童所产生的含“吧”的
语句多为祈使句，仅有少数的疑问句和陈述句。但是分析表明，含“吧”语句的
类型并不影响儿童对于“吧”字核心功能的习得。实例分析证明，“吧”作为一
个低程度标记句末助词，其核心功能在儿童两岁之前基本已被掌握。作为功能词
类，“吧”在儿童语言习得初始阶段的存在以及得到儿童完整习得的证据可以证
明，功能词类“吧”在儿童语言习得的初始阶段存在，儿童语言也具备关于“吧”
的完整语法结构。
关键词：吧；句末助词；核心意义；功能词类

ABSTRACT
This is a case study of Children’s acquisition of Mandarin sentence final particle
BA. The study is based on the data of utterances ending with BA from a longitudinal
observation of a Mandarin speaking child CY from 10 to 24 months. It is found that
during the period of observation, the child’s production of BA is dominantly in
imperative sentences and the number of interrogative and declarative sentences is very
limited. However, the analysis shows that sentence types do not influence the child’s
acquisition of BA’s core meaning. As a low degree marker, BA’s core meaning has
been mastered by the child before age two. As a functional category, BA’s existence in
the initial state and the child’s mastery of its core meaning indicate that the functional
category is present in the initial state during language acquisition and children are
equipped with full grammatical knowledge of BA as early as age two.
Keywords：BA; SFP; Core Meaning; Functional Category

CONTENTS
Chapter One Introduction .... 1
1.1 SFPs in Mandarin Chinese ..1
1.2 Functional Category ...3
1.3 Significance of the Present Study .5
1.4 An Overview......6
Chapter Two
Literature Review.... 7
2.1 The Many-meaning Approach ......7
2.1.1 In Imperative Sentences7
2.1.2 In Interrogative Sentences .....8
2.1.3 In Declarative Sentences........9
2.1.4 Other Uses ..9
2.2 The Core-meaning Approach........9
2.2.1 Li & Thompson (1981); Han (1995); Chu (1998) ...10
2.2.2 Li (2006) ...11
2.3 Acquisition Studies of BA ..14
2.3.1 Findings ....14
2.3.2 Problems ...15
Chapter Three
Research Questions and Methodology 17
3.1 Research Questions...17
3.2 Methodology....17
3.2.1 Data Collection ..17
3.2.2 Data Analysis .....18
Chapter Four Findings....... 20
4.1 The First Emergence.20
4.1.1 The First Emergence of BA..20
4.1.2 The First Emergence of other Functional Words .....21
4.1.3 The Error...22
4.2 The Distribution of BA.......22
4.2.1 Emergence of BA by Age.....22
4.2.2 BA in Imperative Sentences .24
4.2.3 BA in Declarative and Interrogative Sentences .......25
Chapter Five Discussions . 26
5.1 Justification of BA’s Core Meaning.....26
5.1.1 In Declarative and Interrogative Sentences ....26
5.1.2 In Imperative Sentences.......27
5.1.3 A General summary ....28
5.2 The Status of Functional Categories in the Initial State .29
5.3 Why Does BA First Emerge in a Declarative Sentence of CY? .......29
5.3.1 From a Core Meaning Approach ..30
5.3.2 From the Design of the Project.....30
Chapter Six Conclusions... 32
FIGURES..... 33
TABLES ...... 34
REFERENCES ..... 35
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 37