资料简介
摘 要
机床是人类在长期生产实践中,不断改进生产工具的基础上生产的,并随着社会生产的发展和科学技术的进步而渐趋完善。最原始的机床是木制的,所有运动都是由人力或畜力驱动,主要用于加工木料、石料和陶瓷制品的泥坯,它们实际上并不是一种完整的机器。现代意义上的用于加工金属机械零件的机床,是在18世纪中叶才开始发展起来的。当时,欧美一些工业最发达的国家,开始了从工场手工业向资本主义机器大工业生产方式的过度,需要越来越多的各种机器,这就推动了机床的迅速发展。为使蒸汽机的发明付诸实用,1770年前后创制了镗削蒸汽机汽缸内孔用的镗床。1797年发明了带有机动刀架的车床,开创了用机械代替人手控制刀具运动的先声,不仅解放了人的双手,并使机床的加工精度和工效起了一个飞跃,初步形成了现代机床的雏型。续车床之后,随着机械制造业的发展,其他各种机床也陆续被创制出来。至19世纪末,车床、钻床、镗床、刨床、拉床、铣床、磨床、齿轮加工机床等基本类型的机床已先后形成。
上世纪初以来,由于高速钢和硬质合金等新型刀具材料相继出现,刀具切削性能不断提高,促使机床沿着提高主轴转速、加大驱动功率和增强结构刚度的方向发展。与此同时,由于电动机、齿轮、轴承、电气和液压等技术有了很大的发展,使机床的转动、结构和控制等方面也得到相应的改进,加工精度和生产率显著提高。此外,为了满足机械制造业日益广阔的各种使用要求,机床品种的发展也与日俱增,例如,各种高效率自动化机床、重型机床、精密机床以及适应加工特殊形状和特殊材料需要的特种加工机床相继问世。50年代,在综合应用电子技术、检测技术、计算技术、自动控制和机床设计等各个领域最新成就的基础上发展起来的数控机床,使机床自动化进入了一个崭新的阶段,与早期发展的仅适用于大批大量生产的纯机械控制和继电器接触器控制的自动化相比,它具有很高柔性,即使在单件和小批生产中也能得到经济的使用。
关键词:组合机床;主轴箱;切削
Abstract
The machine is in long-term production practice, the continuous improvement of production tools based on production, and with the development of social production and the progress of science and technology and gradually improve. The most primitive machine is made of wood, all the sports are driven by human or animal, mainly used for machining timber and stone and ceramic products of mud, they are actually not a complete machine. Modern significance for the processing of metal machinery parts of the machine tool, is in the 18th century began. At that time, and some of the industry’s most developed countries, started from the factory to the capitalist machine handicraft industry production of excessive, need more various machines, it will promote the rapid development of the machine. To make the steam engine invented into practical, 1770 and created a series of steam cylinder with boring hole. 1797 invented the turret lathe with pioneered the use of machinery, instead of the first hand motion control tool, not only the people’s liberation, and make hands the processing precision and efficiency a leap, initially formed modern machines. After the lathe, along with the renewal of the development and other mechanical manufacturing various machine also have been created. Until the late 19th century, lathe, drilling machine, boring, planer, broaching machine, milling machine, grinder, gear cutting machine tools such basic types have been formed.
Since the beginning of last century, due to high and new carbide cutter materials arise, cutting tools, and constantly improve the machine performance to improve spindle speed along, drive power and enhance structure stiffness direction. Meanwhile, because motor, gears, bearings, electrical and hydraulic technology has developed greatly, make the rotating machine, structure and control also get the corresponding improvement, the machining accuracy and productivity significantly improved. In addition, in order to meet all kinds of mechanical manufacturing industry increasingly wide variety of demands, machine tool, for example, increasing development of high automation tool, heavy machine tools, precision machine tools and machining special shapes and special materials need special processing machine field. In the 1950s, the comprehensive application in electronic technology and testing technology, computing technology, automatic control and machine design fields latest achievements on the basis of the development of CNC machine, automatic entered a new stage of development, and the early only applicable to the production of a purely mechanical control and automation control of contactor relays, compared with high flexibility, even in single piece and small batch production can get the use of economy.
Key words: transfer and unit machine; Headstock ; cutting
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 组合机床的国内外发展状况 1
1.2 课题的内容和意义 1
第2章 组合机床总体设计 3
2.1 工艺方案的拟定 3
2.2 切削用量的确定 3
2.3 组合机床的总体设计——“三图一卡” 4
2.3.1 被加工零件工序图 4
2.3.2 加工示意图 5
2.3.3 机床联系尺寸总图 10
第3章 组合机床多轴箱设计 15
3.1 绘制多轴箱设计的原始依据图 15
3.2 主轴、齿轮的确定及动力计算 16
3.3 多轴箱传动设计 19
3.3.1 对多轴箱传动系统的一般要求 20
3.3.2 拟定多轴箱传动系统的基本方法 20
3.4 多轴箱坐标计算、绘制坐标检查图 21
3.4.1 选择加工基准坐标系XOY,计算主轴、驱动轴坐标 21
3.4.2 计算传动轴的坐标 22
3.4.3 演算中心距误差 24
3.5 辅助装置的选择 25
3.5.1 润滑方式的选择 25
3.5.2 密封装置 26
3.6 经济性分析 26
结 论 27
参考文献 28
致 谢 29