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毕业设计 单片机控制直流调速系统 共53页、18801字
摘 要
近年来由于微型机的快速发展，国外交直流系统数字化已经达到实用阶段。由于以微处理器为核心的数字控制系统硬件电路的标准化程度高，制作成本低，且不受器件温度漂移的影响。其控制软件能够进行逻辑判断和复杂运算，可以实现不同于一般线性调节的最优化、自适应、非线性、智能化等控制规律。所以微机数字控制系统在各个方面的性能都远远优于模拟控制系统且应用越来越广泛。
本文介绍的是用一台26KW的直流电动机，8031单片机构成的数字化直流调速系统。特点是用单片机取代模拟触发器、电流调节器、速度调节器及逻辑切换等硬件设备。最后进行软件编程、调试以及计算机仿真。实时控制结果表明，本数字化直流调速系统实现了电流和转速双闭环的恒速调节，并具有结构简单，控制精度高，成本低，易推广等特点，而且各项性能指标优于模拟直流调速系统，从而能够实际的应用到生产生活中，满足现代化生产的需要。
关键词：单片机 双闭环 直流调速系统 数字方式
ABSTRACT
As the fast development of microcomputer, AC/DC speed control system for digitization has reached the applied stage overseas. Since the hardware circuit of digital control system centered by microprocessor possesses the advantages that it has higher standardization and lower cost, and it doesn’t be influenced by temperature drift of devices. Furthermore, the control software of digital control system can carry through logical judgment and sophisticated operation, and it has the control laws of optimality, adaptive trait, nonlinear and intelligence, which are different from the ordinary linear adjustability. In every aspects the function of digital control system has exceeded analog control system and is being used widely.
Here is a digital DC speed control system composed by 26KW DC motor and 8031 single-chip computer, which has the characteristic that the analog trigger, current regulator, rotation regulator, logical handoff and other devices were replaced by single-chip computer; and finally put through the software programmer, testing and computer simulation. The result of real time control indicates that the digital DC speed control system realized the constant speed adjustability of the double closed-loop of electric current and rotate speed. This system also has the specialties such as simple structure, high control accuracy, low cost and easiness to be spread. In addition, its entire performance index is better than analog DC speed control system. As a result, the digital DC speed control system could be applied into production and ordinary life to satisfy the needs of modern manufacture.
Keywords: ingle-chip computer；Double closed-loop ；DC speed control system；Digital model
目录
第1章 绪论………………………………………………1
第二章 方案论证………………………………………..3
第三章 直流调速控制系统…………………………….5
3.1单片机部分的组成………………………………………………………...5
3.1.1时钟电路…………………………………………………………….7
3.1.2复位电路…………………………………………………………….8
3.1.3存储器……………………………………………………………….8
3.1.4外部中断源………………………………………………………….9
3.1.5定时器/计数器…………………………………………………….11
3.2 单片机的扩展………………………………………………………………….12
3.2.1程序存储器的扩展………………………………………………..13
3.2.2数据存储器的扩展………………………………………………..14
3.2.38279可编程键盘/显示器…………………………………………16
3.2.4模拟量与数字量的转换………………………………………….24
3.2.5采样和保持………………………………………………………..28
第四章PID的控制算法………………………………….32
4.1PID控制规律及其基本作用…………………………………………………...32
4.2控制算法的实现………………………………………………………………..33
第五章直流调速系统的主电路设计…………………...36
5.1直流电动机的调速方法……………………………………………………….36
5.2整流电路………………………………………………………………………..37
5.3触发电路………………………………………………………………………..38
第六章软件设计…………………………………………42
7.2 系统仿真结果的输出及结果分析 49
第七章系统的抗干扰技术………………………………46
第八章直流调速系统的保护……………………………49
第九章程序清单…………………………………………52
总结……………………………………………………….60
辞谢……………………………………………………….61
参考文献………………………………………………….62