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毕业论文-基于元胞自动机模型的行人流和人员疏散模拟研究，共87页，22855字
中文摘要
行人流与紧急情况下人员疏散动力学的研究同时具有科学研究和实际
应用的双重意义，已经成为公共安全研究的一个热点。本文首先运用通过不
同的更新时间步得到以两种不同速度相向而行的行人的元胞自动机模型对
行人两相流进行了模拟和分析，考虑了周期性和开放性两种边界条件。在周
期性边界条件下，该模型能够再现拥挤、堵塞、通道形成等经验所认识的集
体现象，能够观察到随着人流密度增大而出现的三种行人两相流流相，还能
够观察到通道形成状态下速度较大的行人以狭长的队列超过速度较慢的行
人的现象。在开放性边界条件下，能够观察到行人流相在不同人流密度下的
两种稳定状态，其中前一种为亚稳态。其次，运用细分网格的小网格模型对
15m*15m 的单出口房间内 180 个人的疏散过程进行了模拟和分析，能够再
现“快即是慢”和幂律分布等典型现象，并且模拟效率比连续型模型高。结
果表明，疏散时间对期望速度和单位时间步移动的小网格数敏感。可以肯定，
当单位时间步移动的小网格数达到某一临界值时，疏散时间将基本保持不变。
关键词：行人两相流， 人员疏散， 元胞自动机， 小网格模型

ABSTRACT
The study of pedestrian flow and evacuation has become a hot spot of the
study of public safety. Based on the work of traditional CA model, the
simulations of pedestrian counter flow and pedestrian evacuation from a room
with a single exit are carried out.
First, we present a cellular automaton model which can simulate pedestrian
movement with different walk velocities through update at different time-step
intervals. Two kinds of boundary conditions including periodic and open
boundary for pedestrian counter flow are considered, and their dynamical
characteristics are discussed. Simulation results show that for periodic boundary
condition there are three phases of pedestrian patterns. In the stage of lane
formation, the empirical observation that pedestrians always exceed those with
lower walk velocity through a narrow walkway can be found. For open boundary
condition, at some certain entrance densities, there are two steady states of
pedestrian patterns; but the first is metastable.
Second, we applied a small-gird CA model to simulate 180 pedestrians
running out of a room with the size of 15m*15m. We divide the cell grid into 25
small grids. In the simulations of different desired velocities with the same walk
time at a time step, we can reproduce the collective phenomenon of evacuation
observed empirically, including jam, block and faster-is-slower, etc. as good as
the continuum model, but with high simulation efficiency. In addition, the power
law distribution of evacuation flow duration and block duration with the different
desired walk velocities is found. In the simulations of the same desired walk
velocity with different numbers of small grids at a time step, we analyzed the
sensitivity of the cell grid. The block duration also takes on power law
characteristics, only their intercepts in log-log coordinates are different.
Keywords：pedestrian counter flow; pedestrian evacuation; CA model;
small-grid model

目录
中文摘要....I
ABSTRACT III
目录.. V
第一章 引言 .. 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究历史和现状 2
1.3 本文主要工作 .... 3
第二章 元胞自动机模型 5
2.1 背景知识 5
2.2 应用于行人流和人员疏散模拟研究的传统元胞自动机模型 5
第三章 行人两相流模拟研究 .. 11
3.1 背景 11
3.2 模型描述 .... 12
3.3 模拟结果与分析 .... 16
3.3.1 周期性边界条件的模拟结果与分析 .. 16
3.3.2 开放性边界条件的模拟结果与分析 .. 19
3.4 结论 22
第四章 基于小网格元胞自动机模型的人员疏散模拟研究 .. 23
4.1 背景 23
4.2 模型描述 .... 23
4.3 模拟结果与分析 .... 25
4.3.1 不同期望速度的模拟分析 25
4.3.2 单位时间步移动小网格数不同的模拟 .... 31
4.4 结论 ..... 33
第五章 结论与进一步工作 .35
5.1 结论 ..... 35
5.2 进一步工作 ..... 36
参考文献 ... I
致谢 III
声明 ..V
附录 A 外文资料原文 .VII
附录 B 外文资料的书面翻译 ....XVII
在学期间发表的论文（Submitted to Physica A） .... XXIX