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大连交通大学信息工程学院单片机应用与原理实践报告 交通灯设计,共22页,11323字。
摘 要
随着目前微电子技术的发展,技术工艺的不断提高,单片机技术也有了长足的进步。单片机即单片微型计算机,它是微型计算机的一个分支,它是在一块芯片上集成了CPU、RAM和ROM存储器I/O接口等而构成的微型计算机。因为它主要应用于工业测控领域故又叫做微控器或嵌入式控制器。单片机（Microcontroller)出现后，计算机才真正 地从科学的神圣殿堂走入寻常百姓家，成为广大工程技术人员现代化技术革新，技术革命的有利武器。目前，单片机在民用和工业测控领域得到最广泛的应用。彩电，冰箱，空调，录像机，VCD，遥控器，游戏机，电饭煲等无处不见单片机的影子，单片机早已深深地溶入我们每个人的生活之中。单片机能大大地提高这些产品的智能性，易用性及节能性等主要性能指标，给我们的生活带来舒适和方便的同时，在工农业生产上也极大地提高了生产效率和产品质量。
近年来，随着国民经济的快速发展，车辆的增多，交通拥挤和堵塞现象时常出现。交通堵塞已成为城市交通中迫切需要解决的社会的问题。通常情况下，交通信号灯控制主要有两个缺陷：1、车道放行车辆时，时间设定相同且固定，十字路口经常出现主车道车辆多，放行时间短，车流无法在规定时间内通过，而副车道车辆少，放行时间明显过长；2、未考虑急车强通（譬如，消防车执行紧急任务时，两车道都应等待消防车通过）。由于交通信号灯控制系统缺乏有效的应急措施，导致十字路口交通受阻，造成不必要的经济损失。越来越多的证据表明，简单地可达道路基础设施并不能解决交通堵塞问题。这要求在现有条件下，提高交通控制和管理水平，合理使用现有交通设施，充分发挥其能力，更加灵活有效地提高道路的利用率。
本系统以MSC-51系列单片机ATSC51为中心器件，模拟周期交通信号灯的工作状态，针对复杂多变的路况，加以辅助模块，构成实用的交通灯系统。其主要模块路段遇忙调整、紧急情况处理、显示模块。本系统实用性强、操作简单、扩展功能强。

【关键词】：单片机 LED灯显示的交通灯系统
ABSTARCT

With the current development of microelectronics technology, the continuous improvement of technological processes, microcontroller technology has made substantial progress. Namely, single-chip microcomputer MCU, which is a branch of micro-computer, which is a chip of the CPU, RAM and ROM memory, I / O interfaces, consisting of microcomputers. Because it is mainly used in the field of industrial measurement and control it is also known as microcontrollers or embedded controllers. MCU (Microcontroller) appears, the computer really from the sacred halls of science into the homes of ordinary people, a vast number of engineering and technical personnel of modern technology innovation, technological revolution, a useful weapon. At present, the MCU in the field of civil and industrial measurement and control the most widely used. Color TV, refrigerator, air conditioning, VCR, VCD, remote control, game, rice cookers and other pervasive shadow of microcontroller, microcontroller has long been deeply integrated into the lives of every one of us. Microcontroller can greatly improve the intelligence of these products, ease of use and energy efficiency and other major performance indicators to give our lives to bring comfort and convenience at the same time, in the industrial and agricultural production has also greatly improved the production efficiency and product quality.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy, the vehicle increases, traffic congestion and jams frequently occur. Traffic congestion has become an urgent need to address urban transport in the society. Under normal circumstances, traffic signal control has two main flaws: 1, lane clearance vehicle, the time to set the same and fixed, often crossing the main lane vehicles, released a short time, as the traffic can not be passed within the specified time, while the Vice - vehicle lane less release time, obviously too long; 2, did not take into account strong pass emergency vehicles (for example, fire engines and the emergency task, the two-lane to wait for fire engines should be adopted). As the traffic signal control system for the lack of effective emergency measures, leading to a crossroads of traffic congestion, causing unnecessary economic losses. More and more evidence that simply up to the road infrastructure will not solve traffic congestion problems. This requires the existing conditions, raising the level of traffic control and management, rational use of existing transport facilities, give full play to their capabilities, more flexible and effective way to improve the utilization of the road.
The system MSC-51 Series Microcontroller ATSC51-centric devices, analog traffic signal cycle, the working state of the road for the complex, to be supplemented by modules, constitutes a practical traffic light system. The main section of busy adjusting module, emergency handling, display modules. The system practical, simple, extending strong function.
Key words: single-chip LED lights display of traffic signal systems
目录

1 前言………………………………………………………………………………1
2 Proteus Ⅱ 软件的介绍与应用………………………………………………2
2.1仿真软件Proteus Ⅱ…………………………………………………………………………2
2.1.1 Proteus Ⅱ的发展历史和简介……………………………………………………………2
2.1.2 Proteus Ⅱ使用……………………………………………………………………………2
2.2 keil c51……………………………………………………………………………………3
3 系统原理…………………………………………………………………………3
3.1 端口对应部件…………………………………………………………………………………4
3.2 计时原理………………………………………………………………………………………4
3.3 显示原理………………………………………………………………………………………4
3.4 数码管动态扫描原理…………………………………………………………………………4
3.5 闪烁原理………………………………………………………………………………………5
3.6 按键检测原理…………………………………………………………………………………5
3.6.1 按键结构……………………………………………………………………………………5
3.6.2 按键消抖……………………………………………………………………………………6
3.7 复位电路………………………………………………………………………………………7
4 基于AT89C51单片机交通灯系统的硬件设计…………………………………7
4.1 AT89C51单片机的介绍………………………………………………………………………7
4.2 单片机硬件基础………………………………………………………………………………8
4.2.1 电源…………………………………………………………………………………………8
4.2.2 引脚…………………………………………………………………………………………9
4.3 LED使用与引脚图……………………………………………………………………………10
4.4 LED显示与单片机接口………………………………………………………………………11
4.5键盘与单片机接口……………………………………………………………………………11
4.6 LED的两种不同的接法………………………………………………………………………11
4.7软件总体流程图………………………………………………………………………………11
5 结论……………………………………………………………………………12
6 心得体会………………………………………………………………………13
7 谢词……………………………………………………………………………14
8 参考文献………………………………………………………………………15
9 附录……………………………………………………………………………16
10 教师评语………………………………………………………………………18
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