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自修复添加剂对含铸铁配副摩擦磨损性能的影响研究电子书
摘 要
摩擦学的发展已将摩擦磨损研究从减摩抗磨扩展到磨损表面自修复甚至零磨损，其中，在线自修复已成为当今摩擦学研究热点，这对节能降耗要求越来越迫切的今天，具有重要的理论与应用意义。近年来，对自修复添加剂的研究多集中于钢摩擦副上。有研究表明，在自修复添加剂润滑下，45 钢磨损表面能够在线生成自修复保护膜，有效地减少了金属磨损、延长了材料使用寿命。铸铁作为重要的工程材料，广泛应用于机械制造业，在铸造合金中，铸铁的产量约为75%~80%。若自修复添加剂能明显改善铸铁的摩擦磨损性能，可进一步扩大其在工业上的应用，降低生产成本。因此，开展自修复添加剂对含铸铁配副的摩擦磨损性能的研究具有重要的实际意义。本文选取自修复添加剂对含铸铁配副摩擦磨损性能的影响作为研究课题。选用MMU-5G 屏显式材料端面摩擦磨损试验机作为试验平台，自主设计便于润滑的试验试样，自备亚微米级羟基硅酸盐粉体作为磨损自修复添加剂，对含铸铁配副：45 钢/铸铁、铸铁/45 钢以及铸铁/铸铁摩擦副进行了大量的摩擦磨损试验。研究了自修复添加剂浓度、添加剂的时间效应、载荷效应以及摩擦副间相对滑动速度等因素对自修复添加剂润滑下的含铸铁配副摩擦磨损性能的影响，借助扫描电镜观察试样的磨损表面及断面形貌，借助能谱仪对试样表面和断面进行成分分析，揭示含铸铁配副在自修复添加剂作用下的摩擦磨损行为，初步探讨自修复添加剂对铸铁的作用机理。结果表明，不同工况参数对自修复添加剂作用下的含铸铁配副的摩擦磨损性能影响十分明显。当自修复添加剂浓度、磨损时间、摩擦副所加载荷以及摩擦副间相对滑动速度适宜时，铸铁及含铸铁配副在自修复添加剂润滑下表现出良好的摩擦磨损性能。在整个试验过程中，含铸铁配副的摩擦系数较0%添加剂时明显减小，铸铁试样的磨损量明显降低，自修复添加剂对铸铁的减摩抗磨效应显著；试验发现，45 钢试样在与铸铁对磨时，其磨损表面仍能发生自修复反应，生成自修复保护膜，而铸铁因其金相组织和机械性能的特点，磨损表面无法发生自修复反应。本文的研究结果对于进一步开展对铸铁在自修复添加剂润滑下的摩擦磨损性能以及自修复膜生成状况的研究具有重要的参考价值，为自修复添加剂在含铸铁配副上的应用提供了一定的试验依据。燕山大学工学博士学位论文
关键词 摩擦磨损性能；自修复添加剂；含铸铁配副；工况参数；机理分析

目 录
摘 要······························································································································I
Abstract························································································································· III
第1 章 绪 论················································································································ 1
1.1 序言······················································································································ 1
1.2 金属磨损自修复技术及研究进展······································································· 2
1.2.1 金属磨损自修复添加剂················································································· 2
1.2.2 金属磨损自修复添加剂及自修复类型························································· 4
1.2.3 摩擦自修复类型···························································································· 5
1.2.4 磨损自修复技术···························································································· 7
1.2.5 金属磨损自修复技术研究进展····································································· 8
1.3 课题研究意义···································································································· 17
1.4 本文研究的目标和内容····················································································· 18
第2 章 试验方法与设计······························································································ 20
2.1 屏显式材料端面摩擦磨损试验机····································································· 20
2.1.1 屏显式材料端面摩擦磨损试验机用途······················································· 20
2.1.2 屏显式材料端面摩擦磨损试验机主要技术参数········································ 21
2.2 试样设计············································································································ 22
2.3 润滑剂的选用及其制备····················································································· 23
2.3.1 基础润滑油的选用······················································································ 23
2.3.2 添加剂的选用······························································································ 23
2.3.3 添加剂的制备······························································································ 25
2.3.4 润滑油的制备······························································································ 27
2.3.5 润滑方式选择······························································································ 27
2.4 试验测试方法及设备························································································ 28
2.5 试验流程············································································································ 28
第3 章 添加剂浓度对45 钢/铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响································· 30
3.1 对摩擦副摩擦系数的影响················································································· 30
3.2 对试样磨损量的影响························································································ 31
3.3 试样磨损表面及断面的形貌观察及分析结果·················································· 35
3.3.1 上试样45 钢磨损表面及断面SEM 观察及EDS 分析结果······················· 35
3.3.2 下试样铸铁磨损表面及断面SEM 观察及EDS 分析结果························· 39
3.4 添加剂浓度对45 钢/铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能影响的机理分析··················· 44
3.5 本章小结············································································································ 48
第4 章 添加剂对摩擦副减摩抗磨性能的时间效应···················································· 50
4.1 对摩擦系数的影响···························································································· 50
4.2 对试样磨损量的影响························································································ 51
4.3 试样磨损表面及断面的形貌观察及分析结果·················································· 52
燕山大学工学博士学位论文
VI
4.3.1 上试样45 钢磨损表面及断面SEM 观察及EDS 分析结果······················· 52
4.3.2 下试样铸铁磨损表面及断面SEM 观察及EDS 分析结果························· 55
4.4 磨损时间对45 钢/铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响分析······························· 59
4.5 本章小结············································································································ 61
第5 章 添加剂对摩擦副减摩抗磨性能的载荷效应···················································· 62
5.1 对摩擦系数的影响···························································································· 62
5.2 对试样磨损量的影响························································································ 63
5.3 试样磨损表面及断面的形貌观察及分析结果·················································· 64
5.3.1 上试样铸铁磨损表面及断面SEM 观察及EDS 分析结果························· 64
5.3.2 下试样45 钢磨损表面及断面的形貌SEM 观察及EDS 分析结果··········· 68
5.4 添加剂对铸铁/45 钢摩擦副减摩抗磨的载荷效应分析···································· 71
5.5 本章小结············································································································ 73
第6 章 相对滑动速度对添加剂减摩抗磨性能的影响················································ 75
6.1 对摩擦系数的影响···························································································· 76
6.2 对试样磨损量的影响························································································ 77
6.3 试样磨损表面及断面的形貌观察与分析结果·················································· 79
6.3.1 上试样铸铁磨损表面及断面SEM 观察及EDS 分析结果························· 79
6.3.2 下试样45 钢磨损表面及断面SEM 观察及EDS 分析结果······················· 82
6.4 相对滑动速度对添加剂减摩抗磨性能的影响分析·········································· 85
6.5 本章小结············································································································ 87
第7 章 自修复添加剂对铸铁/铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能影响的研究······················· 88
7.1 添加剂浓度对摩擦磨损性能的影响································································· 88
7.1.1 对摩擦副摩擦系数的影响··········································································· 88
7.1.2 对试样磨损量的影响··················································································· 89
7.1.3 试样磨损表面和断面形貌观察及分析结果················································ 91
7.2 磨损时间对铸铁/铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响········································· 93
7.3 自修复添加剂对铸铁/铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能影响的机理分析····················· 98
7.4 本章小结·········································································································· 100
结 论························································································································· 101
参考文献······················································································································ 103
攻读博士学位期间承担的科研任务与主要成果······················································· 112
致 谢························································································································· 114
作者简介······················································································································ 115