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课程设计-分离苯-甲苯混合液的筛板精馏塔装置设计，共20页，5780字
设计目的：
1：初步掌握 化工单元操作设计的基本操作方法和程序。
2：训练我们的基本技能，如计算、运用设计资料、使用实验数据、进行实验数据估算和数据处理等。
3：学会从资料、书本中查找计算公式和数据。
4：培养我们理论联系实际的正确设计思想，提高综合运用自己学过的理论和实际知识去分析并解决工程问题的能力。
设计任务：在一常压操作的连续精馏塔内分离苯-甲苯混合液。已知原料液的年处理量为60000t（实际生产天数330天），组成为0.55（苯的质量分率），要求塔顶馏出液的组成为0.95，塔底釜液的组成为0.02。

摘要
本设计对分离苯-甲苯的混合液过程筛板精馏塔装置进行了设计，主要有以下几个方面：1、对主要生产工艺流程和方案进行了正确的选择。2、对生产主要设备进行了筛板塔计算设计；包括精馏塔物料衡算，板塔数的确定，精馏塔的工艺条件及有关数据的计算，精馏塔的塔体尺寸计算，精馏塔塔板尺寸的计算。3、对设计过程中的涉及到的问题进行讨论和论述。4、对设计过程中的有关问题进行了讨论和评述。本设计简明、合理，能满足初步生产工艺的需要，有一定的实践指导作用。

目录
1．板式精馏塔设计任务书···································7
1.1．设计题目·····························7
1.2.设计条件····························7
1.3.设备形式·····························7
1.4.设计内容·······························7
2.设计方案················································7
2.1．操作方案的确定·····························7
3.精馏塔的物料衡算·································8
3.1原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的摩尔分率·····················8
3.2原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的平均摩尔质量··················8
3.3物料衡算···························8
4.塔板数的确定·································8
4.1理论板层数NT的求取···························8
4.1.1由手册查得苯-甲苯物系的气液平衡数据，绘出x-y图
·······························9
4.1.2求最小回流比及操作回流比··························9
4.1.3精馏塔的气、液相负荷························9
4.1.4操作线方程·························10
4.1.5作图法计算理论塔板数·························10
4.2.实际板层数的计算························10
5.精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算 ·······························10
5.1操作压力计算·························10
5.2求饱和蒸气压·························10
5.3平均摩尔质量的计算························11
5.4平均密度的计算·························11
5.4.1.气相平均密度计算·························11
5.4.2.液相平均密度计算·························11
6.精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算·························12
6.1.塔径的计算···························12
6.2.精馏塔有效高度的计算·························12
7.塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算·························12
7.1.溢流堰装置计算·························13
7.1.1.溢流堰高度hw·························13
7.1.3.降液管底隙高度ho·························13
7.2.塔板计算···························14
7.2.1.塔板的分块·························14
7.2.2.边缘区宽度确定·······················14
7.2.3.开孔区面积计算·······················14
7.2.4. 筛孔计算与排列·······················14
8塔板流体力学验算·························14
8.1塔板的压降·························14
8.1.1干板的阻力计算·························14
8.1.2气体通过液层的阻力的计算·························14
8.1.3液体表面张力的阻力计算·························15
8.2液面落差···························15
8.3液沫夹带···························15
8.3液沫夹带···························15
8.4漏液·····························15
8.5 液泛·····························15
9塔板负荷性能图·························16
9.1漏液线···························16
9.2液沫夹带线·························16
9.3液相负荷下限线·························17
9.4液相负荷上限线·························17
9.5液泛线···························17
10.符号说明·····························18
10.1.文字符···························18
10.2.下标·····························18
参考文献·····························19

1． 浮阀式精馏塔设计任务
1.1． 设计题目
分离苯-甲苯混合液的筛板精馏塔。
1.2. 设计条件
操作压力 进料热状态 回流比 单板降压 全塔效率 建厂地址
4KPa(塔顶常压) 自选 自选 <0.8kPa ET=52% 天津地区
1.3. 设备形式
设备形式为筛板塔
1.4. 设计内容
1.设计内容。
2.设计方案的正确。
3.精馏塔的物料衡算。
4.板塔数的确定。
5.精馏塔工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算。
6．精馏塔塔体工艺尺寸计算。
7.塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算。
8.塔板流力学验算。
9.塔板的负荷性。
10.设计符号说明。
2.设计方案的确定
本设计任务为分离苯一甲苯混合物。对于二元混合物的分离，应采用连续精馏流程。设计中采用泡点进料，将原料液通过预热器加热至泡点后送人精馏塔内。塔顶上升蒸气采用全凝器冷凝，冷凝液在泡点下一部分回流至塔内，其余部分经产品冷却器冷却后送至储罐。该物系属易分离物系，最小回流比较小，故操作回流比取最小回流比的2倍。塔釜采用间接蒸汽加热，塔底产品经冷却后送至储罐。