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硕士论文-微功率冲击雷达硬件电路及天线研究,正文共70页。
【摘要】 微功率冲击雷达是一种功率极其微小的象其他超宽带雷达一样的脉冲雷达,是近些年研究的热门课题,本文通过发射超宽带脉冲信号探测有形介质后的人体生命信号。本文主要是对用于生命探测的微功率冲击雷达硬件电路和天线进行了分析研究。此雷达的应用也极其广泛,例如探测墙壁、废墟等有形介质后的幸存者;反恐战斗中探测隐蔽敌人的存在和临床医学中监测护理传染病人等。本文针对所研究的用于生命探测的微功率冲击雷达的课题,通过对电磁波的传输特性、微功率冲击雷达原理及天线的研究,选取套筒单极子天线和螺旋天线进行具体分析,并通过HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator)三维立体仿真软件进行仿真;接着对微功率冲击雷达的硬件电路分别进行分析,发射电路采用射频三极管的雪崩效应产生双极性超宽带脉冲;接收电路介绍了延迟芯片并采用桥式取样积分电路对回波信号进行采样,运用放大滤波电路对接收的信号进行相关提取。本文根据上面的研究方案实现了高增益、强定向性轴向螺旋天线的设计;并实现了峰值电压为1.76V、中心频率为1.2G、脉宽为924ps的双极性超宽带脉冲,并设计完成了桥式二极管积分取样电路、延时电路及带通滤波电路等。实验结果表明,微功率冲击雷达在生命探测领域具有很多优点,天线的设计取得了较好的结果,并且硬件电路均通过了仿真设计及调试具有可行性。
【Abstract】 Micropower impulse radar is a kind of impulse radar whose power is extremely small as other ultra-wide band radar,it has become the popular topic study in recent years. The weak life signal behind the visible medium is deteced by launching the ultra-wide band extremely narrow pulse in the article. This article mainly studies the hardware circuit and antenna of the micropower impulse radar which is used in life survey. The radar is usually used in many aspects,such as detecting survivors behind the visible medium, like walls and ruins,detecting the existence of enemys in the anti-terrorist fight and treating the people with infectious diseases in clinical medicine,etc.As to the topic of the uses of the micropower impulse radar in the life survey, through researching the transmission properties of electromagnetic wave, principle of the micropower impulse radar and antenna, single pole antenna inside sleeve and helical antenna are analysed which are also simulated by HFSS three-dimensional stereosimulation software,then the hardware circuits of micropower impulse radar is analysed. The ambipolar ultra-wide band pulses is produced by emissive circuit with avalanche effect of radio frequency triode,the echo signal is sampled by the receiving circuit with bridge type sampling points circuit and is extracted by using the amplifying filter circuit.Based on the above researching schemes, the axial helical antenna which has properties of high-gained and strong orientational was designed in the article.The ultra-wide band pulse whose peak voltage is 1.76V, the center frequency is 1.2G, the pulse width is the 924ps, is achieved. The bridge-type diode integral sampling circuit, the delay circuit,the band-pass circuit and so on have been designed. The experimental result shows that the micropower impulse radar has many advantages in life detection, the design of antenna obtains the good result, t simulation and debugging of hardware circuit are also feasible.
【关键词】 微功率冲击雷达; 超宽带脉冲信号; 射频三级管; 桥式二极管; 螺旋天线;
【Key words】 Micropower impulse radar; Ultra-wide band signal impulse; RF-BJT; The bridg diode; The helix antenna;