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毕业设计-金融衍生产品中美式与亚式期权定价问题的数值方法研究，共96页
In early financial market there are only four kinds of financial tools：bank deposit， bank draft(bank acceptance)，bond and stock．The earliest bank deposit appeared in the 13th centuries It iS known that Ricciardi bank of Luca is the earliest one．During the year from 1272 to 1310，this bank provided a loan of 400，000 pound to the royalty of England．Although the default of this loan caused this company’S bankruptcy，it did give an example of the financial risk of early days．Bill of Exchange，which is the creditor’Srights with the goal to pay and can be circulated and transferred，arises almost at the same time with bank deposit．However，all kinds of bond，in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and interest(the coupon)at a later date(termed maturity)，didn’t appeared until the 16th century The first real government bond iS Grand Parti of nancis I in 1955．It WaS issued not just for a handful of banks．but faced all the investors．Stock originated from the British East India company in 1600 The earliest stock is a certificate of pooling capital to finance the building of ships．The first permanent stock company to issue shares of stock was the Dutch East India Company，in 1602．From 1613，this company started to distribute the profit every four voyages，which was commonly regarded as a predecessor of”stockholder"and”distributed dividends”